O fea e faʻatau Fa'amama Fa'asilasilaga mo Leitio?

 

 

FMUSER o se tasi o taʻutaʻua fa'atau mea faigaluega fale leitio toeitiiti atoa le afa seneturi. Talu mai le 2008, ua fausia e FMUSER se siosiomaga galue e faʻaleleia ai le galulue faʻatasi i le va o le aufaigaluega a le au atinaʻe faʻainisinia sili ona tomai ma le au gaosi oloa. E ala i lenei agaga ma le fa'amaoni i le galulue fa'atasi, ua mafai ai e FMUSER ona fausia nisi o fa'apotopotoga fa'aeletonika sili ona fou, fa'aaogaina mataupu fa'ata'ita'i taimi o ananafi ma fa'aaofia ai le poto fa'asaienisi o aso nei. O se tasi o a matou taunuʻuga faʻamaualuga, faʻapea foʻi ma se filifiliga lauiloa a matou tagata faʻatau, o la matou RF maualalo pasi faamama mo le leitio.

 

"Afai o lo'o e su'eina ni mea faigaluega fa'apolofesa fa'asalalau fa'asalalau mo le fa'atau, aisea e te le filifilia ai se tasi o na masini fa'asalalauga sili ona lelei mai le FMUSER? Latou te ufiufi uma vaega o faʻapotopotoga faamama leitio, o nisi o ia mea e manaʻomia mo le leitio, mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, o le FM low pass filter, faʻatasi ai ma le tele o HPF mo le faʻatau, BPF mo le faʻatau, BSF mo le faʻatau, ma le maualalo o le paʻu paʻu faamama mo fa'atauga pei ole 88-108Mhz maualalo pasi faamama mo le fa'atau. UHF ma le VHF faamama e pei ole UHF bandpass faamama ma VHF bandpass faamama, ma o le mea moni, e iai foi a latou mea faigaluega fale leitio maualuga mo le faatauina atu."

--- - - James, sui faamaoni o FMUSER

 

O le Vaega e Sosoo ai Aisea e manaʻomia ai RF Low Power Filters? | Skip

 

O Mea Matou te Aumaia Oe i Lenei Itulau ma

 

O fea e fa'atau ai Low Pass Filter? Aisea e manaʻomia ai le Low Pass RF Filters? E fa'afefea ona tupu mea fa'aleaga Harmonic ma Fa'asesega? Sili RF Low Pass Filter mo Fa'atau  Fa'afefea ona Filifili le Fa'amama FM Harmonics Sili mo le Leitio? Fa'amatalaga Manaia e uiga i RF Filters

 

 FMUSER 20kW FM Low Pass Filter e galue lelei i totonu:

 

• Fa'apolofesa FM leitio fa'apolofesa i itumalo, fa'aitumalo, ma nu'u
• Leitio FM feololo ma lapopo'a ma fa'asalalau tele
• Fa'apolofesa FM leitio fa'apolofesa ma le faitau miliona o tagata fa'alogo
• Leitio fa'asalalau o lo'o mana'omia ni fofo fa'ato'a uma o le kiki i se tau maualalo

 

Faʻafetai i le lalolagi-vasega falegaosimea, FMUSER, o se taʻutaʻua gaosiga o fa'atauga meafaigaluega fa'asalalau, ua manuia tautua ituaiga uma o tagata faatau e ala i le tuuina atu fofo fa'asalalauga atoatoa mo le silia ma le 10 tausaga, e tasi le mea e mautinoa o le a fa'amama fa'amama maualalo mana maualuga fa'atasi ai ma le 2nd ma le 3rd harmonics filtering e masani ona fa'aogaina e tu'ufa'atasia ma fa'ate'a'ese'ese fa'ailoga uaealesi mai le tele o leitio FM. 

 

"E le mafai ona fai mai o le FMUSER o le kamupani sili ona lelei le leitio faʻatau oloa i le lalolagi, ae mo nisi o faʻasalalauga leitio, ioe, o le FMUSER e moni lava o se faʻatau oloa ma gaosi oloa. mea tau leitio."

 

 --- - - Peter, sui faamaoni o FMUSER

 

▲ O fea e fa'atau ai le fa'amama pasi maualalo FM sili ▲

▲ Toe fo'i i mataupu ▲

 

Aisea e mana'omia ai RF Low Power Filters mo le leitio?

 

O le Vaega Muamua o le O fea e fa'atau ai le fa'amama pasi maualalo FM sili | Skip

O le Vaega e Sosoo ai E fa'afefea ona tupu mea fa'aleaga Harmonic ma Fa'asese | Skip

 

Ose Vaega Taua ole Meafaigaluega a le leitio

 

O nai mafua'aga ia e mana'omia ai le fa'amama pasi maualalo RF mo le fa'asalalauga fa'asalalau leitio:

 

• E le mafai ona 'alo'ese le fa'akomepiuta ma le fa'aleaogaina, ma o le a a'afia ai alaleo i alaleo alaleo eseese ma fa'aitiitia ai le tulaga lelei o polokalame leitio ma o le fa'atauga autu lena o le fa'amama fa'amama fa'a-coaxial i le leitio.

 

• Afai e te le fa'aaogaina se fa'amama fa'apolofesa RF maualalo pasi, e ono fa'asalaina oe e le matagaluega o le leitio fa'alotoifale (e pei o le FCC) mo le fa'atupuina o le tele o fa'alavelave fa'alavelave, mo se fa'ata'ita'iga, numera o mea e le mana'omia ma fa'aleaogaina fa'aleaogaina e lau FM ma TV transmitter

 

• E fa'aogaina e alaleo eletise fa'amalo maualuga fa'amama fa'amama fa'amama fa'amama e puipuia ai le fa'aoso fa'atasi e ono fa'alavelave i isi feso'ota'iga.

 

• Ina ia taofiofia feso'ota'iga fa'asalalauga FM: E masani ona maua mai e alalaupapa FM fa'atasi - fa'atele ole fa'avevesi. O nisi o ia mea e mafua ai le faʻalavelave i le VHF-tv ma le UHF-tv faʻafeiloaʻi ma le paging ma le telefoni feaveaʻi. O lenei fa'asologa o fa'amama pasi maualalo eletise e pasi atu i le fa'aupuga fa'alava FM atoa ma le maualalo o le gau ma maua ai le tele o le fa'amalieina.

 

 

Fa'atau RF Harmonics Filter mai FMUSER Fa'asalalauga

 

O le tau sili ona taua o le RF Harmonics faamama o le fesoasoani lea i leitio e filifili faailo e mana'omia mo le fa'aoga. Aemaise lava mo leitio tetele, pe faʻafefea ona tuʻuina atu i le au maimoa polokalame leitio sili ona lelei e aunoa ma le faʻasalaina e le pulega o leitio a le lotoifale o le mea e manaʻomia muamua e faʻaleleia ai le faʻatauva a tupulaga leitio ma faʻaleleia le faʻalauiloaina o le leitio.

 

FMUSER ofo filiga malie e pei o le 20kW FM fa'amama pasi maualalo mo tulaga eletise eletise e oo atu i le 20 kW. O se mamanu tulaga ese e maua ai le 45 dB pe sili atu le teena mai le lona lua i le lona sefulu harmonic ma tua atu. Ole mea lea e maua ai filiga ma le umi atoa 30% i le 50% pu'upu'u nai lo fa'amama masani FM. 

 

E iai a matou filiga RF sili mo le faʻatau, fa'atau RF filiga lena mana e amata mai le 500W i le 1000W mai le FMUSER! Aemaise lava, latou 20kW FM fa'amama pasi maualalo mo le fa'atau (LPF) ma 10kW VHF fa'amama pasi fa'atau mo le fa'atau (LPF), 10kW VHF bandstop faamama mo le fa'atau (BSF), 350W UHF fa'afuainumera bandpass faamama mo le fa'atau, ma se tasi o a matou mea fa'atau leitio fa'atau - FM bandpass filters mo le fa'atau.

 

E mafai ona e mauaina mea uma e te manaʻomia pe a e suʻesuʻe pea, matou te maua FM bandpass filiga lena malosiaga e amata mai le 500W i le 1kW, aemaise lava, latou 500W, 1500W, 3000W, 5000W, 10000W FM bandpass filiga lea ua fuafuaina faapitoa mo leitio FM. E le gata i lea, o loʻo avanoa faʻapitoa mo filiga faʻatasi, mea uma o loʻo i ai i le tau o le paketi ma uiga ofoofogia, fesili mai ia i matou mo le lagolago, o matou taliga uma!

 

I le avea ai ma se tasi o faʻasalalauga faʻasalalauga sili ona taua o leitio FM / TV, o le RF fa'amama ana e mana'omia e pei o le FM / UHF / VHF tu'ufa'atasia, fa'asalalauga fa'asalalau leitio, fa'asalalau antenna, ma isi masini fa'asalalauga fa'apena. E le o se faʻateleina le faʻapea atu o le mea autu o oloa RF passive, o filiga e sili atu le taua nai lo soʻo se isi faʻapotopotoga paʻu i toe fai ma nofoaga autu.

 

Ae ui i lea, o le RF filter, mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, le maualalo o le pasi RF filter, o se masini manaʻomia i le itu faʻasalalau o le faʻasalalauga faʻasalalauga e taofiofia le harmonics na gaosia e le transmitter. E mafua ona o loʻo faʻaogaina e le aufaipisinisi RF i le lalolagi atoa alalaupapa eseese, o lea e tele naua faʻailoga faʻafefe o loʻo talotalo i luga o le ea, o nisi o latou e mo le televise, militeri, o isi e mo suʻesuʻega tau ma isi faʻamoemoega.

 

▲ Aisea e mana'omia ai RF Filters mo le leitio ▲

▲ Toe fo'i i mataupu ▲

 

E fa'afefea ona tupu mea fa'aleaga Harmonic ma Fa'asesega?

 

O le Vaega Muamua o le Aisea e manaʻomia ai le Low Pass RF Filters | Skip

O le Vaega e Sosoo ai Sili RF Harmonics Filter mo Fa'atau | Skip

 

O le mea e fa'alavelave uma ai inisinia RF e le mafai ona 'alo'ese mai fa'aoso fa'akomepiuta ma fa'asese. Mo tagata fa'asalalau leitio, e taua tele le malamalama po'o le a le harmonics ma le fa'asesega fa'asese, pe fa'afefea ona fa'atupuina ma fa'afefea ona fa'aitiitia lo latou a'afiaga.

 

I le taimi lava e tasi, e aoga foi le puleaina o le lelei o polokalame leitio, o le FMUSER's professional RF technical team na faʻamatalaina ia i matou nisi o malamalamaga faʻapitoa e uiga i le harmonics ma le faʻafefe pepelo.

 

Afai e te manaʻo e malamalama atili pe aisea e manaʻomia ai e leitio faʻapolofesa RF filiga, atonu e te manaʻomia mea nei

 

E Fa'afefea ona Fausiaina Harmonics?

 

O alaleo e tutupu i se numera sa'o o le alaleo fa'aulu e ta'ua o le harmonics. I se isi faaupuga, o le harmonics e le manaʻomia le faʻasalalauga, o le tele o le faʻamoemoeina o le faʻasalalauga. O lenei felauaiga e le mana'omia e tupu i se tulaga maualalo ifo le malosi nai lo le fa'asalalauga mana'omia.

 

E pei ona tatou iloa uma, o loʻo i ai se meafaigaluega taua i leitio, o lona uiga, leitio. Pe o le 1kW poʻo le 10kW transmitter o le a faʻapitoa faʻapitoa, ma o le vaega autu RF o le transmitter ua faʻapipiʻiina i se faʻamama faʻapipiʻi, ae toetoe lava o faʻasalalauga RF uma o le a maua ai ni mea malie, E oʻo lava i le telefoni feaveaʻi faʻapolofesa e le mafai ona aloese mai faʻalavelave uma ma se ese. fa'aoso

 

Harmonics ua manatu foi o se mafuaʻaga e ono mafua ai le faʻalavelave RF. O nisi galu, e pei o galu faatafafa, sawtooth galu,s, ma tafatolu galu, o loʻo i ai le tele o le malosi i le taimi tutusa.

 

E fa'afefea ona fa'atupuina le fa'aoso pepelo?

 

E le pei o harmonics, e le tupu se fa'aoso fa'asese pe a fa'aluaina le fa'aulu i totonu; Latou te leʻi faʻasalalauina ma le loto i ai. O le fa'aoso pepelo ose fa'alavelave fa'afuase'i, e masani ona ta'ua ole splash. O i'uga ia o le intermodulation, fa'alavelave electromagnetic, fa'aliliu taimi, po'o le harmonic.

 

▲ E fa'afefea ona tupu mea fa'aleaga Harmonic ma Fa'asese ▲

▲ Toe fo'i i mataupu ▲

 

Best RF Low Power Filter mo Fa'atau 

 

O le Vaega Muamua o le Le fa'afefea ona tupu Harmonics ma Fa'aoso Fa'asese | Skip

O le Vaega e Sosoo ai Fa'afefea ona Filifili le Filifiliga Sili FM Harmonics | Skip

 

E te manaʻomia Lenei Low Pass RF Filter sili atu nai lo se isi taimi

 

Matou te iloa uma e faʻaaogaina e alaleo leitio pasi maualalo RF filiga e puipuia ai le fa'amalieina ma fa'aleaogaina fa'aleagaga e ono fa'alavelave i isi feso'ota'iga, a'o le tele o transmitters FM e fa'atupuina fa'atasiga e o'o lava i le fa'asefulu o taimi ole fa'avae masani. 

 

O le mea e lelei ai, FMUSER 20kW FM fa'amama pasi maualalo o se tasi o fa'alapotopotoga fa'amama RF sili mo le fa'asalalauga fa'asalalau FM. Ina ia mafai ona fesoasoani e faʻaitiitia le aʻafiaga o loʻo aumaia e le harmonics ma le faʻafefe pepelo, ua tuʻuina atu nei e le FMUSER se tasi oa tatou filiga faʻamaualuga faʻatasi-le 20kW RF maualalo pasi faamama mo le leitio FM.

 

Low Pass RF Filter na fuafuaina mo le tulaga sili ona lelei

 

Afai e te le manaʻo e paʻu'ū i totonu o le laina faʻaupuga e le manaʻomia ia oe ma mafua ai le faʻalavelave matuia (e mafai ona e mauaina le tele o tusi faʻalavelave faʻalavelave ma faʻasalaina e nisi o lala sooupu), mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, alaleo TV poʻo isi leitio. Fa'aaoga FMUSER 20kW RF maualalo pasi faamama o le auala sili lea e fesoasoani ai ia te oe e saʻoloto mai i na faʻalavelave faʻafefe ma tusi faʻaseā faʻalavelave. 

 

 

• Fa'apitoa Harmonics Filifiliga Agava'a

 

O le pito sili ona taua o lenei maualuga mana maualalo pasi faamama o lona agava'a fa'atosina fa'atasi - e tusa ai ma faʻamatalaga faʻamaonia o suʻega a le FMUSER's test team, o le faʻaogaina o le faʻamalieina lona lua ma le maualuga o le faʻaogaina o lenei. 20kW maualalo pasi RF faamama ua oʻo i le faasologa ≥ 35 dB ma ≥ 60 dB, lea e fai si malosi malosi harmonics faamama mo le leitio. 

 

• Ma'imau Fa'aofiina Fa'aopoopo-Maualalo

 

le maualalo fa'aofi gau o FMUSER's 20kW FM fa'amama pasi maualalo e talafeagai mo le maualuga o le eletise e oo atu i le 20000 watts, o lona uiga o lenei faamama RF ofoofogia, e mafai ona e tuʻufaʻatasia e faʻaaoga ai le tele o leitio faʻasalalau ma malosiaga eseese i le leitio, ma e mafai e le au maimoa ona maua polokalame leitio ma le sili ona lelei ma matua maualalo le harmonic! Feso'ota'i: 3 1 / 8 "maualuga fa'aoga mana 20kw

 

• Sili Aafiaga Fa'aoga

 

O le 20kW Low Pass filters mo le fa'atau, fa'apipi'i i totonu ma se faiga fa'afeso'ota'i faigofie, e fa'apitoa mo le FM Radio Station. Mafaufau le poto masani fa'aoga sili, o le faiga faamama e mafai ai ona tuʻufaʻatasia faigofie i totonu o transmitters FM.

 

FMUSER ofo atu se laina atoa o le Filifiliga FM ma UHF/VHF mo le taofiofia o harmonics i leitio faasalalau. 

 

I le tautala i le lalolagi atoa, matou te fiafia e fesoasoani i le leitio faʻasalalau mai le lalolagi atoa e faʻaesea vaʻavaʻa vavalalata FM transmitters, matou te matauina o nisi oi latou e faʻaalia le fiafia tele i le tuʻufaʻatasia o le tele o alaleo FM i luga o le tasi matai antenna, o isi e manaʻo e iai ni faʻaoga masani. mo latou tele transmitters i latou nofoaga. 20kW FM fa'amama pasi maualalo, mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, o se tasi oa tatou faʻatau sili FM harmonics filiga fa'aoga mo le fa'apipi'iina o alaleo leitio FM e o'o atu i le 20kW, e te va'aia lea tama lapo'a i nisi o alaleo tele FM.

 

O LOO MATOU FAALOGO IA I LOU MANA'O pe afai e te fiafia i se tasi o matou pito i luga-faʻatau RF harmonics filiga. 

 

Masalo e te manaʻomia le sili atu nai lo mea e te vaʻaia

 

E pei ona matou taʻua i luga, o matou o se tasi o sili fale leitio gaosi mea faigaluega i le lalolagi atoa, e ese mai le 20kW maualalo pasi RF faamama, e mafai foi ona e feiloai i isi fa'atau sili RF filiga i le anotusi lea. Ia, lelei lelei ma tau paketi e pei ona masani ai.

 

Siata A. FM/VHF LPF Low Pass Filter mo le Fa'atau

 

O le Sosoo ai 10kW VHF Bandreject Filter VHF BSF Bandstop Filter fpe Faʻatau | Skip

 

faʻavasegaga	faʻataʻitaʻiga	Max. Malosiaga e ulufale mai ai	VSWR	faisoʻoga mamao	Faʻamalosi	2nd harmonic	3rd fa'atasi	Connectors	Asiasi mo nisi
FM	A	20 kW	≤ 1.1	87 - 108 MHz		≥ 35 dB	≥ 60 dB	3 1 / 8 "	nisi
VHF	B	10 kW	≤ 1.1	167 - 223 MHz		≥ 35 dB	≥ 60 dB	3 1 / 8 "	nisi

 

Siata B. 10kW VHF BSF Bandstop Bandreject Filter mo Fa'atau

 

Le Muamua o le FM/VHF LPF Low Pass Filter mo le Fa'atau | Skip

O le Sosoo ai 350W UHF DTV BPF Bandpass Filter mo Fa'atau | Skip

 

faʻavasegaga	faʻataʻitaʻiga	Max. Malosiaga e ulufale mai ai	VSWR	fv	f0±4MHz	faisoʻoga mamao	Faʻamalosi	fv-4.43±0.2MHz	Connectors	Asiasi mo nisi
VHF	A	10 kW		≤ 1.1	≤ 1.1	167 - 223 MHz		≥ 20 dB	3 1 / 8 "	nisi

 

Siata C. 350W UHF DTV BPF Bandpass Filter mo Fa'atau

 

Le Muamua o le 10kW VHF BSF Bandstop Bandreject Filter mo Fa'atau | Skip

O le Sosoo ai FM BPF Bandpass Filter mo le Fa'atau | Skip

 

faʻavasegaga

faʻataʻitaʻiga

Max. Malosiaga e ulufale mai ai

Cavities

VSWR

Faaofiina Maliu

f0

f0±3.8MHz

f0±4.2MHz

f0±6MHz

f0±12MHz

Asiasi mo nisi

UHF

A

350W

6

≤ 1.15

474 MHz

≤ 0.50 dB

≤ 1.3 dB

≥ 8 dB

≥ 20 dB

≥ 40 dB

nisi

858 MHz

≤ 0.60 dB

≤ 1.65 dB

≥ 8 dB

≥ 20 dB

≥ 40 dB

nisi

 

Siata D. FM BPF Bandpass Filter mo le Fa'atau

 

Le Muamua o le 350W UHF DTV BPF Bandpass Filter mo Fa'atau | Skip

O le Sosoo ai VHF BPF Bandpass Filter mo Fa'atau | Skip

 

faʻavasegaga

faʻataʻitaʻiga

Max. Malosiaga e ulufale mai ai

Cavities

VSWR

faisoʻoga mamao

Faaofiina Maliu

f0

f0±300kHz

f0±2MHz

f0±4MHz

Connectors

Asiasi mo nisi

FM

A

500W

3

≤ 1.1

87 - 108 MHz

≤ 0.70 dB

≤ 0.75 dB

≥25dB

≥40dB

7-16 DIN

nisi

FM

A1

500W

4

≤ 1.1

87 - 108 MHz

≤ 1.10 dB

≤ 1.20 dB

≥40dB

≥60dB

7-16 DIN

nisi

FM

A

1500W 1.5kW

3

≤ 1.1

87 - 108 MHz

Faaofiina Maliu

≤ 0.30 dB

≤ 0.35 dB

≥25dB

≥40dB

7-16 DIN

nisi

FM

A1

1500W 1.5kW

4

≤ 1.1

87 - 108 MHz

≤ 0.50 dB

≤ 0.60 dB

≥40dB

≥60dB

7-16 DIN

nisi

FM

A

3000W 3kW

3

≤ 1.1

87 - 108 MHz

Faaofiina Maliu

≤ 0.25 dB

≤ 0.30 dB

≥25dB

≥40dB

1 5 / 8 "

nisi

FM

A1

3000W 3kW

4

≤ 1.1

87 - 108 MHz

≤ 0.40 dB

≤ 0.45 dB

≥ 40 dB

≥60dB

1 5 / 8 "

nisi

FM

A

5000W 5kW

3

≤ 1.1

87 - 108 MHz

Faaofiina Maliu

≤ 0.20 dB

≤ 0.25 dB

≥ 25 dB

≥40dB

1 5 / 8 "

nisi

FM

A1

5000W 5kW

4

≤ 1.1

87 - 108 MHz

≤ 0.35 dB

≤ 0.40 dB

≥40dB

≥60dB

1 5 / 8 "

nisi

FM

A

10000W 10kW

3

≤ 1.1

87 - 108 MHz

Faaofiina Maliu

≤ 0.15 dB

≤ 0.15 dB

≥25dB

≥40dB

3 1 / 8 "

nisi

FM

A1

10000W 10kW

4

≤ 1.1

87 - 108 MHz

≤ 0.25 dB

≤ 0.30 dB

≥ 40 dB

≥60dB

3 1 / 8 "

nisi

 

Siata E. VHF BPF Bandpass Filter mo le Fa'atau

 

Le Muamua o le FM BPF Bandpass Filter mo le Fa'atau | Skip

Toe foi i FM/VHF LPF Low Pass Filter mo le Fa'atau | Skip

 

faʻavasegaga

faʻataʻitaʻiga

Max. Malosiaga e ulufale mai ai

Cavities

VSWR

faisoʻoga mamao

Faaofiina Maliu

f0

f0±300kHz

f0±2MHz

f0±4MHz

Connectors

Asiasi mo nisi

VHF

A

500W

4

≤ 1.1

167 - 223MHz

≤ 0.40 dB

≤ 0.50 dB

≥20dB

≥35dB

7-16 DIN

nisi

VHF

A1

500W

6

≤ 1.1

167 - 223MHz

≤ 0.80 dB

≤ 1.00 dB

≥50dB

≥70dB

7-16 DIN

nisi

VHF

A

1500W 1.5kW

4

≤ 1.1

167 - 223MHz

Faaofiina Maliu

≤ 0.15 dB

≤ 0.20 dB

≥20dB

≥35dB

1 5 / 8 "

nisi

VHF

A1

1500W 1.5kW

6

≤ 1.1

167 - 223MHz

≤ 0.25 dB

≤ 0.30 dB

≥50dB

≥70dB

1 5 / 8 "

nisi

VHF

A

3000W 3kW

3

≤ 1.1

167 - 223MHz

Faaofiina Maliu

≤ 0.10 dB

≤ 0.15 dB

≥10dB

≥20dB

1 5 / 8 "

nisi

VHF

A1

3000W 3kW

4

≤ 1.1

167 - 223MHz

≤ 0.20 dB

≤ 0.25 dB

≥20dB

≥35dB

1 5 / 8 "

nisi

VHF

A

5000W 5kW

3

≤ 1.1

167 - 223MHz

Faaofiina Maliu

≤ 0.10 dB

≤ 0.10 dB

≥10dB

≥20dB

1 5 / 8 "

nisi

VHF

A1

5000W 5kW

4

≤ 1.1

167 - 223MHz

≤ 0.15 dB

≤ 0.20 dB

≥20dB

≥35dB

1 5 / 8 "

nisi

VHF

A

10000W 5kW

3

≤ 1.1

167 - 223MHz

Faaofiina Maliu

≤ 0.10 dB

≤ 0.10 dB

≥10dB

≥20dB

3 1 / 8 "

nisi

VHF

A1

10000W 5kW

4

≤ 1.1

167 - 223MHz

≤ 0.15 dB

≤ 0.20 dB

≥20dB

≥35dB

3 1 / 8 "

nisi

 

Fa'atau le RF Harmonics Filter mo le leitio? Ole Nofoaga Sa'o lea!

 

FMUSER o se tasi o RF sili gaosi oloa gaosi e gaosia harmonics Filter mo le fa'atau i le lata i le 200+ atunuu ma itulagi i le salafa o le lalolagi, o atunuu fautuaina ia e mafai ona e fa'asino i ai.

 

Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana , Pasila, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Kanata, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Saina, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Democratic Republic of the, Congo, Republic of the, Costa Rica , Côte d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Kuperu, Czech Republic, Tenimaka, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, East Timor (Timor-Leste), Ekuatoa, Aikupito, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Eswatini, Etiopia, Fiti, Finelani, Farani, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Siamani, Kana, Eleni, Grenada, Kuatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hanikeri, Iceland, Initia, Initonesia, Iran, Iraq, Aialani, Isaraelu , Italia, Jamaica, Iapani, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiripati, Korea, North, Korea, South, Kosovo, Kuwait,Kyrgyzstan, Laos, LATVia, Lepanona, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Federated States of, Moldova, Monaco , Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar (Burma), Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, Niu Sila, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, North Macedonia, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua Niu Kini, Paraguay, Peru, Filipaina, Polani, Potukale, Qatar, Romania, Rusia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts ma Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent ma Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome ma Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Sigapoa, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomona Islands, Somalia, Aferika i Saute, Sepania, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sudan, Saute, Suriname, Suetena, Suitiselani, Suria, Taiuani, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Taialani, Togo, Toga, Trinidad ma Tobago , Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab E mirates, United Kingdom, United States, Iurukuei, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vatican City, Venesuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

 

Matou te I'inei i taimi uma mo Ou Manaoga

 

O e mafaufau pea i le RF harmonics tau faamama? Matou te mamanuina ma gaosia le paketi ma taugofie harmonics filiga mo leitio, mai LPF filiga pasi maualalo i tapestop filters ma FM/UHF/VHF bandpass filiga, ma isi tulaga faapena

 

Faatumu le pepa "Faafesoota'i matou" i le agavale ma taʻu mai ia i matou au faʻamatalaga manaʻomia, o se tasi o matou faʻatauga faʻapitoa o le a vave tali atu ma fesoasoani e filifili se Fa'amama fa'akomepiuta FM/TV e fetaui ma lou mana'oga, aemaise lava mo fesili e pei o le pito i luga-fa'atauga maualalo pasi faamama mo le fa'atau, bandpass faamama customization, faamama atoatoa turnkey fofo, ma isi. Fai mai le mea e te manaʻomia, O LOO TATOU FAALOGO PEA.

 

▲ Sili RF Harmonics Filter mo Fa'atau  ▲

▲ Toe fo'i i mataupu ▲

 

Fa'afefea ona Filifili le Fa'amama FM Harmonics Sili mo le Leitio?

 

O le Vaega Muamua o le Sili RF Harmonics Filter mo Fa'atau | Skip

O le Vaega e Sosoo ai Mea Manaia ma Q&A e uiga i RF Filters | Skip

 

O nisi o matou tagata fa'atau e iai masalosaloga pei o, Ou te le iloa pe fa'afefea ona filifili le ituaiga sa'o RF harmonics faamama, pe ou te manao i ni ituaiga se lua filiga harmonics ae na o le 50K$ e maua mo le faatau, ma isi.

 

E tusa ai ma suʻesuʻega maketi maeʻaeʻa a FMUSER harmonics filiga, na matou iloa ai o le pito i luga-faʻatau RF harmonic filiga e tutusa uiga nei:

 

1. Various Filter Customization ma OEM Fa'afeiloa'i

 

O le faʻatulagaina ma le mamanu o le faamama e atagia ai le fatufatuaʻi o le gaosiga o masini faʻasalalauga ma le faʻatinoina o meafaigaluega faʻasalalauga. O se faamama sili RF harmonics e tatau ona i ai uiga o le tau o le paketi, umi o le auaunaga. FMUSER 20kW FM fa'amama fa'amama pasi e fa'afaigofie ona fa'aoga ma fa'alelei tau mo tagata fa'asalalau leitio.

 

2. Avanoa Le itiiti ifo i le 1 PCS Design and Custom Service

 

Fuafuaga ma fa'avasegaina auaunaga e tu'uina atu mo le itiiti ifo ole 1 pcs Filter. Talu ai e manaʻomia e le au faʻasalalau leitio eseese le faʻafeiloaʻi o manaʻoga moni o leitio eseese, pe mafai e le tagata faʻapipiʻi RF faamama ona faʻapipiʻi saoloto ma mamanu mamanu ua avea ma se tasi o tulaga faʻataʻitaʻi e faʻataʻitaʻi ai le gafatia o le tuʻuina atu o faʻatau oloa. Aisea e tu ese ai le FMUSER mai le tele o kamupani faʻatau oloa ona o latou filiga RF e faʻapitoa, maualuga-faʻatinoga, tau o le paketi, ma faigofie ona faʻaoga. E tusa lava po o le a le tele o filiga maualuga e te manaʻo e faʻavasega, e mafai e FMUSER ona tautua oe

 

3. RF Harmonics Filter Fa'atauga Taiala mai FMUSER

 

Faʻafefea ona filifili le pito i luga RF harmonics filiga i totonu o le leitio faʻatau mea faigaluega i le tausaga 2021 ua avea ma faʻafitauli faʻamalosi i le tele o FMUSER tagata fou ma tuai.

 

Ina ua maeʻa le suʻesuʻega a la matou 'au faʻapitoa, matou te iloa ai o nisi faʻapolofesa faʻapolofesa e mafai foi ona fesoasoani ia te oe e fai se filifiliga, matou te auai foi i taaloga, tuuto e tuʻuina atu a matou faamama sili ona lelei mo oe, o lea, pe a e manaʻomia. RF harmonic filiga mo le fa'atau pe mana'omia so'o se fa'amatalaga e uiga i tala fou tau filiga harmonic mai FMUSER, faamolemole ia iloa lena mea O LOO TATOU FAALOGO PEA!  

 

• Ole Pim Maulalo ole Malosi ole Fa'ailoga

 

Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, PIM (AKA: Passive Intermodulation), matou te iloa o le PIM o le taunuuga o faʻailoga le aoga e faʻatupuina e ala i le faʻafefiloi o lua pe sili atu laina i masini passive nonlinear. O nei faailo fou o le a faʻalavelave ma faʻalavelaveina faʻailoga muamua na lafoina i le va o masini e lua uaealesi. E mafai ona fa'atupu fa'alavelave fa'ailo i so'o se faiga uaealesi. Low PIM o lona uiga o le i ai o se faailo malosi ma le tele o bandwidth mo le tele o tagata faʻaoga, o lona uiga o le faʻamalieina o tagata faʻatau ma le maualuga o tupe maua mo tagata faʻatautaia.

 

• E te mana'omia le gau maualalo ma le toe fa'afo'i

 

O le fa'aofiina o le gau ma le toe fa'afo'i mai e iai se sao taua i le mamanu ma le atina'eina o masini fa'atelevave pei o RF filiga, RF power dividers, ma RF amplifier. O se mea fa'anatura e tupu i ituaiga uma o felauaiga (fa'amatalaga fa'amatalaga po'o le fa'aeletise). Talu ai e moni lenei mea mo le toetoe lava o laina eletise uma poʻo auala faʻatautaia, o le umi o le ala, o le maualuga lea o le gau. E le gata i lea, o nei gau o le a tupu foi i soʻotaga taʻitasi i luga o le laina, e aofia ai soʻoga ma fesoʻotaʻiga. Mo fa'apotopotoga maualuga e pei o RF filiga, o na filiga e maualalo le fa'aofiina gau ma isi fa'atauga matagofie e masani ona avea ma filifiliga muamua mo fa'alapotopotoga leitio.

 

• E Sili Atu Nai lo Mea e te Va'aia

 

E foliga mai, o loʻo i ai faʻamatalaga taua e sili atu nai lo le Insertion loss, isi faʻamaufaʻailoga e pei o le faʻapipiʻiina o le tau ma le maualuga o le puleaina o le mana, ma isi mea taua foi pe a faʻatau se faamama lelei RF harmonics. Afai e te manaʻo i nisi faʻamatalaga e leai se totogi e uiga i le RF harmonics filiga, faʻamolemole faʻafesoʻotaʻi la matou 'au faʻapitoa, latou 7/24 lugalaina o loʻo faʻatali lau tala lelei. O mea nei o lo'o fautua mai e le FMSUER technical team:

 

• Fa'aiti'itia le fua fa'amama fa'atasi ai ma tau fa'atauva Mea lelei atoatoa mo le tele o fa'asalalauga fa'avevela microwave, pei ole Feso'ota'iga, IEEE 802.
• Lelei le mautu o le vevela
• Pulea maualuga ma le taua o le attenuation sili
• Ma isi tulaga faapena

 

Mo le Taofiina o FM Station Transmitter Harmonics: O transmitters FM e masani ona fa'atupuina fa'atasi - fa'atele o alavai fa'asalalau. O nisi o nei mea e mafua ai le faʻalavelave i le VHF-TV ma le UHF-TV faʻafeiloaʻi ma itulau ma le telefoni feaveaʻi. O lenei fa'asologa o fa'amama pasi e pasi uma le fa'aili FM i lalo ifo o le gau ma maua ai le tele o le fa'amalo.

 

▲ Fa'afefea ona Filifili le Filifiliga Sili FM Harmonics ▲

▲ Toe fo'i i mataupu ▲

 

Mea Manaia ma Q&A e uiga i RF Filters

 

O le Vaega Muamua o le Fa'afefea ona Filifili le Filifiliga Sili FM Harmonics | Skip

Toe foi i le Vaega Muamua O fea e fa'atau ai le fa'amama pasi maualalo FM sili | Skip

 

Afai e te fia iloa atili e uiga i le fausaga o le matagaluega poʻo le maketi maketi o le RF filter, FMUSER fautuaina oe e aʻoaʻo e uiga i mea faʻaeletonika pasi pe fesili saʻo i la matou au faʻatau, aua o mea na e faitauina e le lava e faʻamatala atoatoa ma manino le RF faamama ia te oe. (PS: Atonu e le mafai e Wikipedia ona fai). O le mea lea, Pau lava le mea e mafai ona matou faia mo oe o le faʻamalamalama manino ma le manino le fausaga ma ituaiga o RF filiga, ma pe faʻafefea ona galue RF filiga. Lenei, FMUSER lisi nisi o fesili manaia e uiga i RF Filters na laga e matou tagata faʻatau leitio, ma e moni a matou tali. Fa'amolemole fa'aauau le faitau Afai e te fia iloa atili e uiga i RF filiga. 

 

Q1: E fa'afefea ona fa'aogaina e RF Filters i isi auala se'i vagana ai le FM/TV?

 

RF Filters o vaega taua ia i tekinolosi uaealesi, RF filiga e faʻaaogaina ma le leitio e naʻo le ituaiga saʻo o alalaupapa e mafai ona faʻafiafiaina aʻo faʻamama ese isi laina e le manaʻomia. O filiga RF ua mamanuina i se auala e faigofie ai ona faʻagaoioia i luga o laina faʻasolosolo e amata mai i le feololo i le maualuga tele, e pei o le megahertz ma le gigahertz. Ona o lona uiga faʻaogaina, e masani ona faʻaaogaina i masini e pei o leitio faʻasalalau, fesoʻotaʻiga uaea, ma televise, ma isi.

 

E mafai e le filiga RF ona faʻamama le pisa pe faʻaitiitia le faʻalavelaveina o faʻailoga fafo e ono aʻafia ai le lelei poʻo le faʻatinoga o soʻo se faiga fesoʻotaʻiga. O le leai o ni filiga RF talafeagai i le nofoaga e mafai ona afaina ai le fesiitaiga o laina faailo e mafai ona iu ai ina afaina ai le faagasologa o fesoʻotaʻiga.

 

Faatasi ai ma le saʻo RF filiga i le nofoaga, o le faʻalavelave i fafo faʻatasi ai ma le faʻalavelave faʻailoga na gaosia e le fesoʻotaʻiga fesoʻotaʻiga tuaoi e mafai ona faigofie ona poloka. O lenei mea e fa'asaoina ai le lelei o alaleo fa'ailo mana'omia a'o fa'amama uma fa'aliloilo e le mana'omia ma le faigofie.

 

Ona o lenei mea, o le RF filters e taua tele i le faʻaogaina o fesoʻotaʻiga, e pei o satelite, radar, telefoni feaveaʻi, ma isi mea. 

 

E masani lava, o filiga e mama ma e mafai ona fesoasoani i le faʻaleleia o le faʻatinoga o alaleo ole faailo. I le tulaga e le mafai ai e le filiga RF ona tuʻuina atu le faʻatinoga o loʻo faʻamoemoeina, ona mafai lea ona e suʻesuʻeina le tele o isi filifiliga, o se tasi o ia mea o le faʻaopoopoina o se faʻaopoopoga i lau mamanu. Mai le Trellisware amplifier i soʻo se isi RF power amplifiers, e mafai ona e faʻaliliuina laina maualalo maualalo i luga; faʻapea ona faʻateleina le faʻatinoga atoa o mamanu RF.

 

E le gata i lea, o filiga RF e taua tele i le siosiomaga telefoni feaveaʻi. A o'o mai i telefoni feavea'i, latou te mana'omia se aofa'i o fa'aili e fa'atino lelei. Faatasi ai ma le leai o se faamama RF talafeagai, o vaega eseese o le a le faatagaina e ola faatasi i le taimi e tasi o lona uiga o nisi o vaega o le a teena, ie Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), saogalemu lautele, Wi-Fi, ma isi mea. O iinei, o filiga RF e iai se sao taua e ala i le faʻatagaina o fusi uma e ola faʻatasi i le taimi e tasi.

 

Faʻafetai i le atinaʻeina o le R&D matua o FMUSER, matou te ufiufi le tele o filiga eseese mo oe, fa'amolemole ia mautinoa e fa'afeso'ota'i la matou 'au fa'atau afai e te le o mautinoa po'o fea e sili ona lelei mo lau fa'asalalauga, o le a fa'atali le matou au fa'atau ma le au fa'atekinisi MA taliga uma.

 

Q2: E faʻafefea ona e faia se RF Filter?

 

I se tulaga lautele, o filiga RF e faia i resonator faʻapipiʻi ma faʻapipiʻiina i vaega faʻafefe faʻafefe e pei o capacitors, inductors, ma (faʻaitiitia tele) RF transformers, o loʻo faʻapipiʻiina inductor. O faamama e masani lava ona laina, ma pe a manaʻomia se ituaiga o faʻaopoopoga e mafai ona tuʻufaʻatasia ma RF amplifiers faʻatinoina ma RF transistors (pe bipolar poʻo le field-effect). E mana'omia ni filiga pe a o'o i le fa'amamaina o fa'ailo e le mana'omia mai le ulufale atu i le alaleo leitio. E fa'aogaina fa'atasi ma mea tau eletise eseese. Ae ui i lea, o lona fa'aoga sili ona taua e sau i totonu o le leitio fa'asalalau.

 

Mo le fa'amama pasi maualalo, o lona ta'amilosaga lea e fa'atagaina ai na'o vaega fa'alava pasi maualalo ma poloka uma isi vaega fa'alava maualuga e ta'ua ole fa'amama pasi maualalo. O le igoa LPF lava ia o lo'o fa'ailoa mai ai le maualalo o taimi.

 

Faʻavae i luga o le faʻaogaina ma le tele o meafaigaluega e leai se fesoʻotaʻiga, e tele ituaiga faʻamama, e pei o faʻamaʻi o le cavity, filiga planar, filiga electroacoustic, filiga dielectric, filiga coaxial (e le fesoʻotaʻi ma le coaxial cable), ma isi mea.

 

FMUSER ose fa'apolofesa gaosi oloa RF harmonics filiga. E iai a matou fa'apolofesa fa'apolofesa fa'apolopolo poto fa'apolopolo ma le 'au fa'atekinisi. Afai ei ai ni au fesili e uiga i RF filiga i le taimi e faitau ai lenei faʻasoa, fa'afeiloa'i e fesili i la matou 'au fa'apitoa mo le lagolago.

 

Q3: E fia Ituaiga RF Filter o loʻo i ai ma o a latou mea tonu?

 

O fa'amama ole Fa'alava ole Leitio ose ituaiga ta'amilosaga fa'apitoa e mafai ai ona pasi fa'ailo sa'o a'o latou fa'aleaogaina fa'ailoga e le mana'omia. A oʻo mai i le topology faamama, e fa faʻavae RF faʻamama ituaiga, ie; pasi maualuga; pasi-pasi; ma fa'a-teena (po'o filiga notch). O faʻamama RF sili ona taatele o loʻo i ai se fausaga apefai, ma o le "tulaga" o vaega (inductors ma capacitors) o le mea lea e faʻamalamalamaina ai latou ituaiga; o fa'atauga o vaega e fa'amatala ai le tele o fa'ailoga fa'alava(es) latou poloka pe le poloka.

 

• Fa'amama Fa'amama Fa'amama - Fa'amama Fa'asolo - LPF

 

O le fa'amama pasi maualalo o le tasi lea e fa'ataga ai na'o alalaupapa maualalo e ui atu a'o i ai i le taimi e tasi, fa'ato'ilaloina isi fa'aliloilo uma. O le aofaʻi o le faʻaitiitia o le faʻasologa o le faailo pe a pasi atu i le bandpass e filifilia e le tele o mea e pei o le topology faamama, faʻasologa, ma le lelei o vaega, ma isi. passband ina ia mafai ona maua lona teenaina mulimuli.

 

 

 

E 'ese'ese fomu 'ese'ese e maua mai ai fa'amama pasi maualalo. O le fa'aoga autu o lenei faamama o le taofiofia o le fa'aupuga a le RF amplifier. E taua tele lenei uiga ona e fesoasoani i le puipuia o fa'alavelave le mana'omia pe a o'o mai i laina felauaiga eseese. O le mea masani, o fa'amama pasi maualalo e fa'aoga i tusi fa'alogo ma fa'amama leo mai so'o se ta'amilosaga fafo. A mae'a ona fa'amama fa'ailoga maualuga, ona maua loa lea o alaleo fa'ailoga e maua ai se uiga ma'oti ma manino.

 

• Filifiliga Maualuga Maualuga - Filifiliga Maualuga Maualuga - HPF

 

E fa'afeagai ma le fa'amama pasi maualalo, o le fa'amama pasi maualuga (HPF) na'o le fa'atagaina o le fa'ailoga maualuga e pasia. O le mea moni, o filiga pasi maualuga e fetaui lelei ma filiga pasi maualalo aua e mafai ona fa'aoga uma e lua e maua ai se faamama bandpass. O le mamanu o le faʻamama pasi maualuga e tuusaʻo ma faʻaitiitia ai alalaupapa e maualalo ifo nai lo le faʻailoga.

 

 

 

E masani lava, o fa'amama pasi maualuga e fa'aogaina i masini fa'alogo lea e fa'amama uma ai laina maualalo. E le gata i lea, e faʻaaogaina e aveese ai bass i tamai failauga, ma i le tele o tulaga; o nei faamama ua fausia faapitoa i totonu o sipika. Ae peitaʻi, afai e oʻo mai i soʻo se poloketi DIY, o le pasi maualuga e mafai ona faigofie ona faʻaogaina i totonu o le masini.

 

• Fa'amama Pasi Fa'aili - Fa'ailoga Fa'a'au'au - BPF

 

O le bandpass filter (BPF) ose ta'amilosaga e fa'ataga ai fa'ailo mai laina eseese e lua e ui atu ma fa'aitiitia fa'ailo e le o'o mai i totonu o lona tulaga taliaina. Ole tele ole fa'amama bandpass e fa'alagolago i so'o se fa'apogai mai fafo ma fa'aogaina vaega fa'agaoioi, e pei o feso'ota'iga ma transistors. O ia ituaiga o faamama e ta'ua o le active bandpass filters. I le isi itu, o nisi o fa'aili pasi e le fa'aogaina se puna eletise mai fafo ma fa'alagolago tele i vaega pa'u, e pei o inductors ma capacitors. O nei filiga e ta'ua o filiga pasi pa'u.

 

 

E masani ona fa'aogaina fa'amama pasi i mea e maua ai le uaea ma mea fa'asalalau. O lana galuega autu i totonu o se transmitter o le faʻatapulaʻaina o le bandwidth signal's output i le pito maualalo ina ia mafai ai ona faʻafeiloaʻi faʻamatalaga talafeagai i le saoasaoa manaʻomia ma foliga. A o'o mai i le tagata e taliaina, o le fa'amama pasi fa'aili e fa'atagaina na'o se aofa'i mana'omia o alaleo e fa'aliliu pe fa'alogoina, a'o tipiina isi fa'ailo e sau mai alaleo le mana'omia.

 

 

I le mea uma lava, pe a lelei le mamanu o le bandpass filter, e faigofie ona faʻateleina le lelei o faʻailoga, ae i le taimi lava e tasi, e mafai ona faʻaitiitia le tauvaga poʻo le faʻalavelave i faʻailoga.

 

• Fa'a Tete'e Fa'aili - Fa'afitia Taofi Fa'aili - Fa'afitia Fa'afiti - BSF

 

O nisi taimi e ta'ua o le band stop filter (BSF), band reject o se faamama lea e mafai ai ona ui atu le tele o alaleo e le suia. Ae ui i lea, e faʻaitiitia ai ia alalaupapa e pa'ū i lalo ifo o se tulaga faʻapitoa. E fa'agaoioi tonu i le fa'afeagai ma le fa'amama bandpass.

 

 

O le mea moni, o lana galuega o le pasi atu i alalaupapa mai le zero i le vaega muamua o le motusia o taimi. I le va, na te pasia uma alalaupapa o loʻo i luga aʻe o le vaega tipi lona lua o le alalaupapa. Ae ui i lea, e teena pe poloka uma isi laina o loʻo i le va o nei mea e lua.

 

 

I mea uma, o se faamama o se mea e mafai ai ona pasia faailoilo ma le fesoasoani a le passband. Na faapea mai, o le taofiga i totonu o le faamama o le tulaga lea e teena ai nisi o alaleo e soʻo se faamama. Pe o le pasi maualuga, pasi maualalo, po o le pasi, o le faamama sili o le mea lea e leai se gau i totonu o le pasi. Ae ui i lea, o le mea moni, e leai se mea e pei o se faamama lelei e pei o le bandpass o le a oʻo i nisi taimi gau ma e le mafai ona maua le teena e le iʻu pe a oʻo i le taofi.

 

▲ Fa'amatalaga Manaia e uiga i RF Filters ▲

▲ Toe fo'i i mataupu ▲